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00055
#7-12 To make application to the souls of the hearers, is the
life of preaching; so it was of John's preaching. The Pharisees
laid their chief stress on outward observances, neglecting the
weightier matters of the moral law, and the spiritual meaning of
their legal ceremonies. Others of them were detestable
hypocrites, making their pretences to holiness a cloak for
iniquity. The Sadducees ran into the opposite extreme, denying
the existence of spirits, and a future state. They were the
scornful infidels of that time and country. There is a wrath to
come. It is the great concern of every one to flee from that
wrath. God, who delights not in our ruin, has warned us; he
warns by the written word, by ministers, by conscience. And
those are not worthy of the name of penitents, or their
privileges, who say they are sorry for their sins, yet persist
in them. It becomes penitents to be humble and low in their own
eyes, to be thankful for the least mercy, patient under the
greatest affliction, to be watchful against all appearances of
sin, to abound in every duty, and to be charitable in judging
others. Here is a word of caution, not to trust in outward
privileges. There is a great deal which carnal hearts are apt to
say within themselves, to put aside the convincing, commanding
power of the word of God. Multitudes, by resting in the honours
and mere advantages of their being members of an outward church,
come short of heaven. Here is a word of terror to the careless
and secure. Our corrupt hearts cannot be made to produce good
fruit, unless the regenerating Spirit of Christ graft the good
word of God upon them. And every tree, however high in gifts and
honours, however green in outward professions and performances,
if it bring not forth good fruit, the fruits meet for
repentance, is hewn down and cast into the fire of God's wrath,
the fittest place for barren trees: what else are they good for?
If not fit for fruit, they are fit for fuel. John shows the
design and intention of Christ's appearing, which they were now
speedily to expect. No outward forms can make us clean. No
ordinances, by whomsoever administered, or after whatever mode,
can supply the want of the baptism of the Holy Ghost and of
fire. The purifying and cleansing power of the Holy Spirit alone
can produce that purity of heart, and those holy affections,
which accompany salvation. It is Christ who baptizes with the
Holy Ghost. This he did in the extraordinary gifts of the Spirit
sent upon the apostles, #Ac 2:4|. This he does in the graces and
comforts of the Spirit, given to those that ask him, #Lu 11:13;
Joh 7:38,39|; see #Ac 11:16|. Observe here, the outward church
is Christ's floor, #Isa 21:10|. True believers are as wheat,
substantial, useful, and valuable; hypocrites are as chaff,
light and empty, useless and worthless, carried about with every
wind; these are mixed, good and bad, in the same outward
communion. There is a day coming when the wheat and chaff shall
be separated. The last judgment will be the distinguishing day,
when saints and sinners shall be parted for ever. In heaven the
saints are brought together, and no longer scattered; they are
safe, and no longer exposed; separated from corrupt neighbours
without, and corrupt affections within, and there is no chaff
among them. Hell is the unquenchable fire, which will certainly
be the portion and punishment of hypocrites and unbelievers.
Here life and death, good and evil, are set before us: according
as we now are in the field, we shall be then in the floor.
00061
#13-17 Christ's gracious condescensions are so surprising, that
even the strongest believers at first can hardly believe them;
so deep and mysterious, that even those who know his mind well,
are apt to start objections against the will of Christ. And
those who have much of the Spirit of God while here, see that
they need to apply to Christ for more. Christ does not deny that
John had need to be baptized of him, yet declares he will now be
baptized of John. Christ is now in a state of humiliation. Our
Lord Jesus looked upon it as well becoming him to fulfil all
righteousness, to own every Divine institution, and to show his
readiness to comply with all God's righteous precepts. In and
through Christ, the heavens are opened to the children of men.
This descent of the Spirit upon Christ, showed that he was
endued with his sacred influences without measure. The fruit of
the Spirit is love, joy, peace, long-suffering, gentleness,
goodness, faith, meekness, temperance. At Christ's baptism there
was a manifestation of the three Persons in the sacred Trinity.
The Father confirming the Son to be Mediator; the Son solemnly
entering upon the work; the Holy Spirit descending on him, to be
through his mediation communicated to his people. In Him our
spiritual sacrifices are acceptable, for He is the altar that
sanctifies every gift, #1Pe 2:5|. Out of Christ, God is a
consuming fire, but in Christ, a reconciled Father. This is the
sum of the gospel, which we must by faith cheerfully embrace.
00066
* The temptation of Christ. (1-11) The opening of Christ's
ministry in Galilee. (12-17) Call of Simon and others. (18-22)
Jesus teaches and works miracles. (23-25)
#1-11 Concerning Christ's temptation, observe, that directly
after he was declared to be the Son of God, and the Saviour of
the world, he was tempted; great privileges, and special tokens
of Divine favour, will not secure any from being tempted. But if
the Holy Spirit witness to our being adopted as children of God,
that will answer all the suggestions of the evil spirit. Christ
was directed to the combat. If we presume upon our own strength,
and tempt the devil to tempt us, we provoke God to leave us to
ourselves. Others are tempted, when drawn aside of their own
lust, and enticed, #Jas 1:14|; but our Lord Jesus had no corrupt
nature, therefore he was tempted only by the devil. In the
temptation of Christ it appears that our enemy is subtle,
spiteful, and very daring; but he can be resisted. It is a
comfort to us that Christ suffered, being tempted; for thus it
appears that our temptations, if not yielded to, are not sins,
they are afflictions only. Satan aimed in all his temptations,
to bring Christ to sin against God. 1. He tempted him to despair
of his Father's goodness, and to distrust his Father's care
concerning him. It is one of the wiles of Satan to take
advantage of our outward condition; and those who are brought
into straits have need to double their guard. Christ answered
all the temptations of Satan with "It is written;" to set us an
example, he appealed to what was written in the Scriptures. This
method we must take, when at any time we are tempted to sin. Let
us learn not to take any wrong courses for our supply, when our
wants are ever so pressing: in some way or other the Lord will
provide. 2. Satan tempted Christ to presume upon his Father's
power and protection, in a point of safety. Nor are any extremes
more dangerous than despair and presumption, especially in the
affairs of our souls. Satan has no objection to holy places as
the scene of his assaults. Let us not, in any place, be off our
watch. The holy city is the place, where he does, with the
greatest advantage, tempt men to pride and presumption. All high
places are slippery places; advancements in the world makes a
man a mark for Satan to shoot his fiery darts at. Is Satan so
well versed in Scripture as to be able to quote it readily? He
is so. It is possible for a man to have his head full of
Scripture notions, and his mouth full of Scripture expressions,
while his heart is full of bitter enmity to God and to all
goodness. Satan misquoted the words. If we go out of our way,
out of the way of our duty, we forfeit the promise, and put
ourselves out of God's protection. This passage, #De 8:3|, made
against the tempter, therefore he left out part. This promise is
firm and stands good. But shall we continue in sin, that grace
may abound? No. 3. Satan tempted Christ to idolatry with the
offer of the kingdoms of the world, and the glory of them. The
glory of the world is the most charming temptation to the
unthinking and unwary; by that men are most easily imposed upon.
Christ was tempted to worship Satan. He rejected the proposal
with abhorrence. "Get thee hence, Satan!" Some temptations are
openly wicked; and they are not merely to be opposed, but
rejected at once. It is good to be quick and firm in resisting
temptation. If we resist the devil he will flee from us. But the
soul that deliberates is almost overcome. We find but few who
can decidedly reject such baits as Satan offers; yet what is a
man profited if he gain the whole world, and lose his own soul?
Christ was succoured after the temptation, for his encouragement
to go on in his undertaking, and for our encouragement to trust
in him; for as he knew, by experience, what it was to suffer,
being tempted, so he knew what it was to be succoured, being
tempted; therefore we may expect, not only that he will feel for
his tempted people, but that he will come to them with
seasonable relief.
00077
#12-17 It is just with God to take the gospel and the means of
grace, from those that slight them and thrust them away. Christ
will not stay long where he is not welcome. Those who are
without Christ, are in the dark. They were sitting in this
condition, a contented posture; they chose it rather than light;
they were willingly ignorant. When the gospel comes, light
comes; when it comes to any place, when it comes to any soul, it
makes day there. Light discovers and directs; so does the
gospel. The doctrine of repentance is right gospel doctrine. Not
only the austere John the Baptist, but the gracious Jesus,
preached repentance. There is still the same reason to do so.
The kingdom of heaven was not reckoned to be fully come, till
the pouring out of the Holy Spirit after Christ's ascension.
00083
#18-22 When Christ began to preach, he began to gather
disciples, who should be hearers, and afterwards preachers of
his doctrine, who should be witnesses of his miracles, and
afterwards testify concerning them. He went not to Herod's
court, not to Jerusalem, among the chief priests and the elders,
but to the sea of Galilee, among the fishermen. The same power
which called Peter and Andrew, could have wrought upon Annas and
Caiaphas, for with God nothing is impossible. But Christ chooses
the foolish things of the world to confound the wise. Diligence
in an honest calling is pleasing to Christ, and it is no
hinderance to a holy life. Idle people are more open to the
temptations of Satan than to the calls of God. It is a happy and
hopeful thing to see children careful of their parents, and
dutiful. When Christ comes, it is good to be found doing. Am I
in Christ? is a very needful question to ask ourselves; and,
next to that, Am I in my calling? They had followed Christ
before, as common disciples, #Joh 1:37|; now they must leave
their calling. Those who would follow Christ aright, must, at
his command, leave all things to follow him, must be ready to
part with them. This instance of the power of the Lord Jesus
encourages us to depend upon his grace. He speaks, and it is
done.
00088
#23-25 Wherever Christ went, he confirmed his Divine mission by
miracles, which were emblems of the healing power of his
doctrine, and the influences of the Spirit which accompanied it.
We do not now find the Saviour's miraculous healing power in our
bodies; but if we are cured by medicine, the praise is equally
his. Three general words are here used. He healed every sickness
or disease; none was too bad; none too hard, for Christ to heal
with a word. Three diseases are named; the palsy, which is the
greatest weakness of the body; lunacy, which is the greatest
malady of the mind; and possession of the devil, which is the
greatest misery and calamity of both; yet Christ healed all, and
by thus curing bodily diseases, showed that his great errand
into the world was to cure spiritual maladies. Sin is the
sickness, disease, and torment of the soul: Christ came to take
away sin, and so to heal the soul.
00091
* Christ's sermon on the mount. (1,2) Who are blessed. (3-12)
Exhortations and warnings. (13-16) Christ came to confirm the
law. (17-20) The sixth commandment. (21-26) The seventh
commandment. (27-32) The third commandment. (33-37) The law of
retaliation. (38-42) The law of love explained. (43-48)
#1-2 None will find happiness in this world or the next, who do
not seek it from Christ by the rule of his word. He taught them
what was the evil they should abhor, and what the good they
should seek and abound in.
00093
#3-12 Our Saviour here gives eight characters of blessed people,
which represent to us the principal graces of a Christian. 1.
The poor in spirit are happy. These bring their minds to their
condition, when it is a low condition. They are humble and lowly
in their own eyes. They see their want, bewail their guilt, and
thirst after a Redeemer. The kingdom of grace is of such; the
kingdom of glory is for them. 2. Those that mourn are happy.
That godly sorrow which worketh true repentance, watchfulness, a
humble mind, and continual dependence for acceptance on the
mercy of God in Christ Jesus, with constant seeking the Holy
Spirit, to cleanse away the remaining evil, seems here to be
intended. Heaven is the joy of our Lord; a mountain of joy, to
which our way is through a vale of tears. Such mourners shall be
comforted by their God. 3. The meek are happy. The meek are
those who quietly submit to God; who can bear insult; are
silent, or return a soft answer; who, in their patience, keep
possession of their own souls, when they can scarcely keep
possession of anything else. These meek ones are happy, even in
this world. Meekness promotes wealth, comfort, and safety, even
in this world. 4. Those who hunger and thirst after
righteousness are happy. Righteousness is here put for all
spiritual blessings. These are purchased for us by the
righteousness of Christ, confirmed by the faithfulness of God.
Our desires of spiritual blessings must be earnest. Though all
desires for grace are not grace, yet such a desire as this, is a
desire of God's own raising, and he will not forsake the work of
his own hands. 5. The merciful are happy. We must not only bear
our own afflictions patiently, but we must do all we can to help
those who are in misery. We must have compassion on the souls of
others, and help them; pity those who are in sin, and seek to
snatch them as brands out of the burning. 6. The pure in heart
are happy; for they shall see God. Here holiness and happiness
are fully described and put together. The heart must be purified
by faith, and kept for God. Create in me such a clean heart, O
God. None but the pure are capable of seeing God, nor would
heaven be happiness to the impure. As God cannot endure to look
upon their iniquity, so they cannot look upon his purity. 7. The
peace-makers are happy. They love, and desire, and delight in
peace; and study to be quiet. They keep the peace that it be not
broken, and recover it when it is broken. If the peace-makers
are blessed, woe to the peace-breakers! 8. Those who are
persecuted for righteousness' sake are happy. This saying is
peculiar to Christianity; and it is more largely insisted upon
than any of the rest. Yet there is nothing in our sufferings
that can merit of God; but God will provide that those who lose
for him, though life itself, shall not lose by him in the end.
Blessed Jesus! how different are thy maxims from those of men of
this world! They call the proud happy, and admire the gay, the
rich, the powerful, and the victorious. May we find mercy from
the Lord; may we be owned as his children, and inherit his
kingdom. With these enjoyments and hopes, we may cheerfully
welcome low or painful circumstances.